Renal cell carcinoma in children: a rare entity

We present a 15-years old young child primarily presented to general surgeon for abdominal mass and gross haematuria. His detailed imaging studies and other relevant investigations revealed that it is a case of Paediatric Renal Cell carcinoma [RCC], which was clinically not associated with any of the known malignancies or syndromes. On detailed histo-pathological examination this was reported as a special type of Pediatric RCC not fitting into clear cell, papillary, chromophobic, oncocytoma or collecting duct RCC. Keywords: RCC, VHL, IHC

Clinical presentation of non-HIV Kaposi sarcoma

Kaposi Sarcoma [KS] is a rare entity. In the north west of Pakistan and Aghanistan, we mostly come across non-HIV related Kaposi sarcoma as Human Immunedeficiency Virus [HIV]. Infections are rare in this part of the world. Here, we present a case of a non-auto Immunedeficiency Disease [AIDS] related KS. A 45-year-old male, Afghan patient presented to our oncology outpatient's unit with multiple subcutaneous nodules. The sites of involvement were the periorbital region, retro-auricular region, forearms, legs, chest and back. Oral mucosa was spared at the nodules. The patient had no visceromegaly at the time of presentation. A biopsy specimen from the retro-auricular region revealed a KS with dermal lymphatic involvement. His serum was negative for the common types of viral infections including Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV] on routine serology. His total B-lymphocytes [CD 19+], total T-lymphocyte [CD3+], total CD4+ lymphocyte [CD3+, CD4+] and total CD8+ [CD3+, CD8+] counts were all normal or borderline high. The patient was under treatment with 3 weekly chemotherapeutic regimens of Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vincristine [ABV] keeping in view socioeconomical constrains, logistical difficulties in getting proper medical care and side effects of other options like radiotherapy for extended surface areas